Notable International Organizations In English
Notable International Organizations
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Notable International Organizations
Introduction: International organizations can be mainly discussed in five areas, namely: A. Economic Organizations, B. Political Organizations, C. Social and Humanitarian Organizations, D. Environmental Organizations and E. Cultural and Educational Organizations. Notable International Organizations post presents information related to Economic and Political Organizations:
Economic Organization :
1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1944: Established at Bretton Woods Conference
⦿ 1947: Began operations
⦿ 1971: Floating exchange rates introduced
⦿ 1990s: Expanded role in emerging markets
✦ Key People:
◈ Managing Director: Kristalina Georgieva
◈ Founder: John Maynard Keynes
✦ Joining Date of India: 1947 (founding member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Kristalina Georgieva (Managing Director)
✦ Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
✦ Members: 190 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote international monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade
2. World Bank :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1944: Established at Bretton Woods Conference
⦿ 1946: Began operations
⦿ 1960s: Expanded focus on poverty reduction
⦿ 1980s: Introduced structural adjustment lending
✦ Key People:
◈ President: David Malpass
◈ Founder: John Maynard Keynes
✦ Joining Date of India: 1947 (founding member)
✦ Present Chairperson: David Malpass (President)
✦ Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
✦ Members: 189 countries
✦ Purpose: Reduce poverty, promote sustainable development
3. World Trade Organization (WTO) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1948: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established
⦿ 1995: WTO replaced GATT
⦿ 2001: Doha Development Agenda launched
✦ Key People:
◈ Director-General: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
◈ Founder: None (GATT established by 23 countries)
✦ Joining Date of India: 1995 (founding member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (Director-General)
✦ Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
✦ Members: 164 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote free trade, reduce trade barriers
Notable International Organizations
4. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1960: Established as OECD
⦿ 1961: Began operations
⦿ 1990s: Expanded focus on emerging markets
✦ Key People:
◈ Secretary-General: Mathias Cormann
◈ Founder: None (established by 18 countries)
✦ Joining Date of India: None (not a member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Mathias Cormann (Secretary-General)
✦ Headquarters: Paris, France
✦ Members: 38 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic growth, prosperity, and sustainable development
5. Asian Development Bank (ADB) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1966: Established
⦿ 1967: Began operations
⦿ 1980s: Expanded focus on poverty reduction
✦ Key People:
◈ President: Masatsugu Asakawa
◈ Founder: None (established by 31 countries)
✦ Joining Date of India: 1966 (founding member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Masatsugu Asakawa (President)
✦ Headquarters: Manila, Philippines
✦ Members: 68 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic development in Asia
6. African Development Bank (AfDB) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1964: Established
⦿ 1966: Began operations
⦿ 1980s: Expanded focus on poverty reduction
✦ Key People:
◈ President: Akinwumi Adesina
◈ Founder: None (established by 23 countries)
✦ Joining Date of India: 1983 (non-regional member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Akinwumi Adesina (President)
✦ Headquarters: Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
✦ Members: 81 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic development in Africa
7. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1991: Established
⦿ 1992: Began operations
⦿ 1990s: Expanded focus on transition economies
✦ Key People:
◈ President: Odile Renaud-Basso
◈ Founder: None (established by 40 countries)
✦ Joining Date of India: 1992 (non-regional member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Odile Renaud-Basso (President)
✦ Headquarters: London, UK
✦ Members: 69 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic development in Europe
Notable International Organizations
Political Organizations :
1. United Nations (UN) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1945: Established in San Francisco, USA
⦿ 1946: First General Assembly held in London, UK
⦿ 1955: UN Charter came into effect
✦ Key People:
◈ Secretary-General: António Guterres
◈ Founder: 51 countries, including India
✦ Joining Date of India: October 30, 1945 (founding member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Volkan Bozkir (President of the General Assembly)
✦ Headquarters: New York City, USA
✦ Members: 193 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations
2. European Union (EU) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1951: European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) established
⦿ 1957: Treaty of Rome signed, establishing the European Economic Community (EEC)
⦿ 1993: Maastricht Treaty signed, establishing the EU
✦ Key People:
◈ President of the European Commission: Ursula von der Leyen
◈ Founder: 6 countries, including Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands
✦ Joining Date of India: None (not a member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Charles Michel (President of the European Council)
✦ Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
✦ Members: 27 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic integration, peace, and stability among member states
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3. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1967: Established in Bangkok, Thailand
⦿ 1976: ASEAN Declaration signed
⦿ 1992: ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) established
✦ Key People:
◈ Secretary-General: Lim Jock Hoi
◈ Founder: 5 countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand
✦ Joining Date of India: 1995 (dialogue partner)
✦ Present Chairperson: Nguyen Xuan Phuc (Chairman of ASEAN)
✦ Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
✦ Members: 10 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic growth, social progress, and cultural development among member states
Notable International Organizations
4. African Union (AU) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1963: Organization of African Unity (OAU) established
✦ 2002: AU established, replacing OAU
✦ Key People:
◈ Chairman: Félix Tshisekedi
◈ Founder: 32 countries
✦ Joining Date of India: 2005 (observer status)
✦ Present Chairperson: Moussa Faki Mahamat (Chairman of the AU Commission)
✦ Headquarters: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
✦ Members: 55 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote economic integration, peace, and stability among member states
5. Organization of American States (OAS) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1948: Established in Bogotá, Colombia
⦿ 1962: Charter of the OAS came into effect
✦ Key People:
◈ Secretary-General: Luis Almagro
◈ Founder: 21 countries
✦ Joining Date of India: None (not a member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Luis Almagro (Secretary-General)
✦ Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
✦ Members: 35 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote democracy, peace, and stability among member states
6. Council of Europe :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1949: Established in London, UK
⦿ 1950: European Convention on Human Rights signed
✦ Key People:
◈ Secretary-General: Marija Pejčinović Burić
◈ Founder: 10 countries
✦ Joining Date of India: None (not a member)
✦ Present Chairperson: Marija Pejčinović Burić (Secretary-General)
✦ Headquarters: Strasbourg, France
✦ Members: 47 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law among member states
7. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) :
✦ Timeline:
⦿ 1973: Established in Helsinki, Finland
⦿ 1994: Renamed from Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE)
✦ Key People:
◈ Secretary-General: Thomas Greminger
◈ Founder: 35 countries
✦ Joining Date of India: 2009 (partner for cooperation)
✦ Present Chairperson: Edi Rama (Chairman-in-Office)
✦ Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
✦ Members: 57 countries
✦ Purpose: Promote security, stability, and cooperation among member states. ➣ বাংলায় পড়ুন
