Growth and Development Part-1 In English
Growth and Development Part-1
Just as Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) is an important test for employment in the great profession of teaching, Child Psychology & Development is an important subject among the subjects included in TET exam. The subject is also an important subject in Teachers Training like B.Ed. and D.El.Ed. This is our special effort to help the students of Teachers Training & TET, where one topic will be discussed. Now the topic of discussion is the important topic of CDP Growth and Development Part-1.
Growth and Development Part-1
⟽ Previous Topic : Educational Psychology
1. What is meant by Growth?
A: Growth is the quantitative change in the shape and size of an organism. In other words, growth is a positive change in the height, weight, body proportions and general physical appearance of an organism over time. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Growth is defined as “an increase in size or the amount of an entity”. According to Hurlock, growth is: “Change in size, in proportion, disappearance of old features and acquisition of new ones”.
2. What are the principles of growth?
A: The four main principles of growth are: i) Cephalocaudal Principle, ii) Proximodistal Principle, iii) Principle of Hierarchical Integration, iv) Principle of Independence of System.
3. What is the main point of the Cephalocaudal Principle of growth?
A: The main point of the Cephalocaudal Principle of growth is: In this case, growth occurs according to the ‘Top to Bottom’ principle, that is, after the child’s brain, the lower organs grow. According to this principle, the child gets control of his brain first. According to this principle, we see first and walk later.
4. What is the main point of the Proximodistal Principle of Growth?
A. The main point of the Proximodistal Principle of Growth is: The process of growth proceeds from the center outwards. This principle indicates the direction of growth. According to this principle, the intestines of the body grow before the arms and legs.
5. What is the main point of the Principle of Hierarchical Integration of Growth?
A. The main point of the Principle of Hierarchical Integration of Growth is: Simple skills usually develop separately and independently and later they are combined into more complex skills. According to this principle, the child first learns to control the movements of the fingers, then learns to integrate and only then can he grasp something.
6. What is the main point of the Principle of Independence of System of Growth?
A. The main point of the Principle of Independence of System of Growth is: Different parts of the body grow at different rates. Mission Geography India// For example, growth patterns of body size, nervous system and sexual maturation occur at quite different rates.
7. What are the methods of measuring growth?
A: There are two methods of measuring growth: i) Measurement Approaches and ii) Experimental Approaches.
8. What are the Measurement Approaches of measuring growth?
A: Craniometry, Anthropometry, Cephalometric Radiography, Three-Dimensional Images
9. What is meant by Craniometry Approaches of measuring growth?
A: Craniometry is the measurement of the cranium (the main part of the skull), usually the human cranium. It is a subset of cephalometry, a subset of anthropology, the measurement of the human head and human body.
10. Name two researchers who used craniometric methods to compare the human skull with the skull of other animals.
A: Two researchers who used Craniometric Methods to compare the human skull with the skull of other animals were: Paul Broca, founder of the Anthropological Society (185) of France, and T. H. Huxley of England.
11. What is meant by Anthropometry Approaches to Growth Measurement?
A: Anthropometry is a special system of individual measurement of humans. It includes measurement of body weight (estimated dry weight for dialysis patients), height, triceps skinfold, abdominal circumference, mid-muscle circumference, elbow width and subscapular skinfold, etc.
12. What is meant by Cephalometric Radiography to Growth Measurement?
A: The method of growth measurement that involves studying the relationship between bone and soft tissue landmarks is called cephalometric radiography. American Orthodontist Birdsall Holly Broadbent Sr. invented the Cephalometer device in 1931.
Growth and Development
13. How many types of Cephalometric Radiography are there?
A: There are two types of Cephalometric Radiography, namely: i) Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph and ii) Posteroanterior (P-A) Cephalometric Radiograph Growth and Development
14. What is meant by There-Dimensional Images for measuring growth?
A: There-Dimensional Images are a new method of measuring growth. Through this, Computed Axial Tomography is used to measure the volume of the face and skull of different parts of the body. This method is currently widely used for information related to growth changes.
15. What are the Experimental Approaches to Measuring Growth?
A: Vital Stanning, Autoradiography, Radioisotopes, Implants radiography etc.
16. What is Vital Stanning?
A: Vital Stanning is a method of measuring growth through observation. By this, the growth of bones and muscles is observed by injecting minerals into the living body. The Vital Stanning method was introduced by the Scottish surgeon John Hunter in the eighteenth century.
17. What are the basic characteristics of growth? Growth and Development
A: The basic characteristics of growth are: i) Growth is a temporary process that ends in maturation. ii) Growth is the result of the interaction of heredity and environment l iii) According to H.V Meridith a. Growth is maximum from birth to one and a half or two months l b. Growth decreases from one and a half years of age to two years before the age of puberty l c. The growth rate accelerates again from some time before the age of puberty l d. The growth rate decreases continuously after the age of puberty l iii) There are differences in growth among children. iv) The growth rate is generally maintained from person to person.
18. What is Maturation?
A: The last stage of growth is called maturation, it is an independent and universal process for the life development of an individual. In other words, the state of reaching a suitable level to do something is called maturation. Growth and Development
19) What are the characteristics of maturation?
A: The characteristics of adaptation are: i) Adaptation is a process of development, due to which the performance of various organs of the body increases. ii) It is a natural process, but the process can be disrupted due to various reasons. iii) Adaptation does not require exercise. iv) It is temporary, it becomes stable at a certain time. v) This process helps in acquiring physical abilities.
20. What is the relationship between exercise and growth?
A: The relationship between exercise and growth is positive in nature. This was proven by the experiments of American psychologist Ernest Ropiequet “Jack” Hilgard in 1932 and another American psychologist Jerome Seymour Bruner in 1963.
21. At birth, what percentage of the total body length does the head occupy?
A: At birth, the head occupies 39 percent of the total body length, and it constitutes 1/3 of the total body length.
22. What is the average weight of a child at birth?
A: The average weight of a child at birth is 2.5-3.5 kg, 5-6 kg at 4-5 months; The rate of weight gain is gradually decreasing until 11 years; Rapid growth from 12 years l
23. When is the rate of height growth in a child the highest?
A: The rate of height growth is the highest in the first two years, the height growth of boys is fastest at 12-16 years and girls at 10-14 years l
24. When does the development of the human body structure reach its full potential?
A: The development of the human body structure reaches its full potential by the age of 18 years. Head development is 90% at 12 years and complete at 14 years.
25. Who conducts longitudinal studies on growth rates?
A: Longitudinal studies refer to studying the same child or a group of children over a long period of time. H.V. Meridith conducted a study on 2,884 children in Iowa between 1920-34. ➣ Next Part
Discover more from NIRYAS.IN
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
