Madhusudan Dutta, Boundless Poet & Playwright

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Madhu Kavi : Madhusudan Dutta

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Today is January 25. January 25 in 1824, Michael Madhusudan Dutta was born in the village of Sagar Dighi in the Keshabpur sub-district of Jessore district of the then Bengal province, in the present-day state of Bangladesh. His father was Zamindar Rajnarayan Dutta and mother was Janhvi Devi. Madhusudan Dutta started his primary education in Kolkata. In 1932, he was admitted to the Lal Bazar Grammar School and after studying there for 5 years, in 1837, he was admitted to the Hindu College, Kolkata. Here he became fond of European languages ​​and literature and started his literary practice. In 1840, he converted from Hinduism to Christianity. After accepting Christianity, he took the name Michael and became known as Michael Madhusudan Dutta and left his family and college and enrolled in Bishop’s College. He stayed here until 1847. In 1849, he published a book of poetry called “The Captive Lady“. Between 1859-62, he created 10 important works of Bengali literature, these are: “Sharmishtha” (play)-1859; ‘Ekei Ki Bole Sabhyata‘ (play) – 1860; “Buro Shaliker Ghare Rau” (play) – 1860; “Padmavati” (play) – 1860; “Tilotama Sambhava Kavya” (poem) – 1860; “Meghnad Badha Kavya” Part 1 (poem) – 1861; “Brajangana Kavya” (poem) – 1861; “Krishna Kumari” (play) – 1861; “Birangana Kavya” (poem) – 1862 etc. In 1862 he went to England but did not get the expected success there and spent his days in poverty. With the help of Vidyasagar, he returned to Calcutta in 1867. From 1867 to 1872, he worked as Examiner of the Privy Council Records of the Calcutta High Court. Performed. On June 29, 1873, Michael Madhusudan Dutta left this world. The last literature written by Michael Madhusudan Dutta was: the play “Maya Kanan“.

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Madhusudan first started his literary practice in English. He wrote the poetry book ‘Captive Lady‘. Then, on the advice of Bethune Saheb, he started his literary practice in Bengali; and within a short time, his writer’s fame spread all over. Bengali poetry was reborn through Madhusudan. His elder poets like Ishwar Gupta, Rang Lal Bandopadhyay and others mainly wrote poems about rural atmosphere, Madhusudan broke the trend and made Bengali poetry lively with a touch of modernity. Madhusudan, who created the amitrakshara rhythm in Bengali poetry, the first sonnet writer in Bengali language, not only enriched Bengali poetry, but also Drama was also first developed by him. The anger that he felt at the poor state of Bengali drama is expressed in the preface to his play “Sharmishtha“. Where he says-

“The false drama has become a source of trouble in Bengal Madhusudan Dutta, Boundless PoetThere is no life without a soul;

Sudharas drinks poison without respect

That is why Tanu’s mind is destroyed.”

After returning to Kolkata from abroad in 1856, he started writing his first play. In 1859, his first play ‘Sharmishtha‘ was written. This play was first performed at the Paikpara Raj Bari. In the meantime, in 1858, he translated the play ‘Ratnavali‘ into English at the request of his friend Gaurdas. His poem “Tilottama Sambhav” written in Amitrakshar rhyme carries historical significance. A thought in Amitrakshar rhyme can extend beyond two stanzas. And this is the main feature of Amitrakshar rhyme. In his drama composition, he mainly gave priority to the Mahabharata and the Puranas. From the perspective of the style of Bengali poetry, the poem “Tilottama Sambhav” based on the Sunda-Upasundara stories of the Mahabharata carries historical significance. He made the first experiment of the Amitrakshara rhythm in Tilottama Sambhav; however, it is in the poem Meghnadabadha that the power of this new rhythm is fully realized. In this poem, he has transformed the human glory in the characters of Ravana-Indrajit-Pramila.

Madhusudan Dutta, Boundless Poet

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Again, ‘Krishnakumari‘ is a much more mature drama compared to the plays ‘Sharmishtha‘ and ‘Padmavati‘. This drama has been developed from the history of Rajputana. This is a successful tragedy drama by Madhusudan. Along with talent, his proper knowledge of world literature helped Madhusudan to write new rhythms, sonnets, and plays in Western thought in Bengali literature. Again, apart from this, he broke the social bonds of the Middle Ages and revived Bengali literature with modern thought. Therefore, Michael Madhusudan Dutta is a timeless poet and playwright. Madhusudan Dutta, Boundless PoetIn the contemporary era, Raja Rammohan Roy He initiated the Renaissance. And the characteristics of this Renaissance were embraced by Madhusudan, a student of Hindu College at that time. He had a deep devotion to rationalism. However, at times his emotional tendencies might not have allowed him to remain steadfast in logic. The sense of individuality was reflected as clearly in his personal life, that truth was equally vocal in his writings. Madhusudan therefore embraced the Renaissance atmosphere of his era and became a poet of the era. Madhusudan Dutta is the true promoter of the modern era of Bengali poetry. ➣ বাংলায় পড়ুন॥ ➣ हिंदी में पढ़ें

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