Significant Environmental Treaties
Significant Environmental Treaties
Welcome to www.niryas.in . An important topic in competitive exam preparation is: Environment. Questions in such exams come from various topics related to the environment. In this case, to help competitive students, we introduce the Competitive Environment section. In this section, our main goal is to present to-the-point information from various topics related to the environment. Currently, in the post called Significant Environmental Treaties, we have presented information on various treaties related to the environment. So, without waiting any longer, let’s take a look at the information ….
Significant Environmental Treaties
➲ Environmental Treaties : Environmental treaties are international agreements between countries that aim to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. These treaties address various environmental issues, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and conservation of natural resources. Download : Paper-I CDP eBook
➲ Types of Environmental Treaties :
✧ Global Treaties : Address global environmental issues, such as climate change, ozone depletion, and biodiversity loss. Examples: Paris Agreement, Montreal Protocol, and Convention on Biological Diversity.
✧ Regional Treaties : Address environmental issues specific to a particular region. Examples: Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention) and the Convention for the Protection of the Rhine.
✧ Bilateral Treaties : Address environmental issues between two countries. Examples: US-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and the Australia-Papua New Guinea Torres Strait Treaty.
➲ Key Features of Environmental Treaties :
✧ Binding Obligations : Countries agree to take specific actions to address environmental issues.
✧ Monitoring and Enforcement : Mechanisms are established to monitor compliance and enforce treaty obligations.
✧ Cooperation and Collaboration : Countries work together to share knowledge, technology, and best practices.
✧ Dispute Settlement : Mechanisms are established to resolve disputes between countries
Significant Environmental Treaties
➲ Benefits of Environmental Treaties :
✧ Global Cooperation : Encourages international cooperation to address global environmental issues.
✧ Standardization : Establishes common standards and guidelines for environmental protection.
✧ Economic Benefits : Can lead to economic benefits, such as job creation and innovation, through sustainable development.
✧ Environmental Protection : Helps to protect the environment and preserve natural resources for future generations.
➲ Challenges and Limitations :
✧ Enforcement : Difficulty in enforcing treaty obligations, particularly in countries with limited resources.
✧ Compliance : Countries may not comply with treaty obligations, undermining the effectiveness of the treaty.
✧ Funding : Limited funding can hinder the implementation of treaty obligations.
✧ Scientific Uncertainty : Scientific uncertainty can make it difficult to develop effective treaty obligations.
➲ Number of Environmental Treaties :
✧ 1,100+ multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) have been signed since 1857. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 500+ MEAs are currently in force. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
Significant Environmental Treaties
➲ Types of Environmental Treaties :
✧ 35% of MEAs focus on biodiversity conservation. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 23% of MEAs focus on climate change. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 15% of MEAs focus on water resources management. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 12% of MEAs focus on pollution prevention. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
➲ Regional Distribution of Environmental Treaties :
✧ 45% of MEAs are global in scope. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 25% of MEAs are regional in scope. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 15% of MEAs are bilateral in scope. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
➲ Participation in Environmental Treaties :
✧ 193 countries have signed at least one MEA. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 150 countries have ratified at least one MEA. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
➲ Effectiveness of Environmental Treaties :
✧ 70% of MEAs have led to some level of environmental improvement. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
✧ 30% of MEAs have had limited or no impact on environmental protection. (Source: United Nations Environment Programme)
➲ 30 Significant Environmental Treaties :
➲ International Whaling Commission (IWC)
✧ Treaty Date: December 2, 1946
✧ Location: Washington, D.C., USA
✧ Treaty Parties: 88 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Regulate whaling and conserve whale populations
✧ Treaty Result: Established the International Whaling Commission to regulate whaling and promote conservation of whale populations
➲ Treaty for the Protection of Birds Useful to Agriculture
✧ Treaty Date: March 19, 1950
✧ Location: Paris, France
✧ Treaty Parties: 14 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Protect birds useful to agriculture
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for protecting birds that are beneficial to agriculture
➲ London Convention on Oil Pollution
✧ Treaty Date: May 12, 1954
✧ Location: London, UK
✧ Treaty Parties: 73 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Reduce oil pollution in the marine environment
✧ Treaty Result: Established regulations for the prevention of oil pollution from ships
➲ Antarctic Treaty
✧ Treaty Date: December 1, 1959
✧ Location: Washington, D.C., USA
✧ Treaty Parties: 54 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Establish Antarctica as a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science
✧ Treaty Result: Demilitarized Antarctica and established the Antarctic Treaty System for international cooperation on Antarctic issues
➲ Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water :
✧ Treaty Date: August 5, 1963
✧ Location: Moscow, Russia
✧ Treaty Parties: 125 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Ban nuclear testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater
✧ Treaty Result: Prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater, reducing the risk of nuclear war and environmental damage
➲ Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
✧ Treaty Date: February 2, 1971
✧ Location: Ramsar, Iran
✧ Treaty Parties: 171 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Conserve and manage wetlands
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on wetland conservation and management
Significant Environmental Treaties
➲ Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
✧ Treaty Date: March 3, 1973
✧ Location: Washington, D.C., USA
✧ Treaty Parties: 184 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Regulate international trade in endangered species
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for regulating international trade in endangered species and promoting conservation of these species
➲ Marine Pollution Convention (MARPOL) :
✧ Treaty Date: November 2, 1973
✧ Location: London, UK
✧ Treaty Parties: 156 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Prevent pollution of the marine environment by ships
✧ Treaty Result: Established regulations for the prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships, including oil spills and garbage disposal
➲ Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki Convention)
✧ Treaty Date: March 22, 1974
✧ Location: Helsinki, Finland
✧ Treaty Parties: 10 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on protecting the marine environment of the Baltic Sea
➲ Convention for the Protection of the Rhine
✧ Treaty Date: April 3, 1976
✧ Location: Bern, Switzerland
✧ Treaty Parties: 6 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Protect the Rhine River and its ecosystem
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on protecting the Rhine River and its ecosystem
➲ Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) :
✧ Treaty Date: June 23, 1979
✧ Location: Bonn, Germany
✧ Treaty Parties: 130 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Conserve migratory species and their habitats
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on conserving migratory species and their habitats
Significant Environmental Treaties
প্রাথমিক টেট প্রস্তুতির জন্য ক্লিক করুনঃ
উচ্চ প্রাথমিক টেট প্রস্তুতির জন্য ক্লিক করুনঃ
➲ Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer :
✧ Treaty Date: March 22, 1985
✧ Location: Vienna, Austria
✧ Treaty Parties: 197 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Establish a framework for international cooperation to protect the ozone layer
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on protecting the ozone layer
➲ Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer :
✧ Treaty Date: September 16, 1987
✧ Location: Montreal, Canada
✧ Treaty Parties: 197 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer
✧ Treaty Result: Phased out substances that deplete the ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
➲ Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal :
✧ Treaty Date: March 22, 1989
✧ Location: Basel, Switzerland
✧ Treaty Parties: 186 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for regulating the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
➲ United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) :
✧ Treaty Date: May 9, 1992
✧ Location: New York, USA
✧ Treaty Parties: 197 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Establish a framework for international cooperation to address climate change
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on addressing climate change
➲ Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) :
✧ Treaty Date: June 5, 1992
✧ Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
✧ Treaty Parties: 196 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Conserve and sustainably use biodiversity
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on conserving and sustainably using biodiversity
➲ United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) :
✧ Treaty Date: June 17, 1994
✧ Location: Paris, France
✧ Treaty Parties: 197 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Combat desertification and land degradation
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on combating desertification and land degradation
Significant Environmental Treaties
➲ Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa :
✧ Treaty Date: June 17, 1994
✧ Location: Paris, France
✧ Treaty Parties: 197 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Combat desertification and land degradation in Africa
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for international cooperation on combating desertification and land degradation in Africa
➲ Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change :
✧ Treaty Date: December 11, 1997
✧ Location: Kyoto, Japan
✧ Treaty Parties: 192 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Set binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
✧ Treaty Result: Established binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for developed countries
➲ Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade :
✧ Treaty Date: September 10, 1998
✧ Location: Rotterdam, Netherlands
✧ Treaty Parties: 161 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Promote the safe handling and use of hazardous chemicals
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for promoting the safe handling and use of hazardous chemicals in international trade
➲ Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) :
✧ Treaty Date: May 22, 2001
✧ Location: Stockholm, Sweden
✧ Treaty Parties: 184 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for eliminating or restricting the production and use of persistent organic pollutants
➲ Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety :
✧ Treaty Date: January 29, 2000
✧ Location: Montreal, Canada
✧ Treaty Parties: 171 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for ensuring the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms
Significant Environmental Treaties
➲ International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments :
✧ Treaty Date: February 13, 2004
✧ Location: London, UK
✧ Treaty Parties: 83 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Prevent the spread of invasive species through ballast water
✧ Treaty Result: Established regulations for the control and management of ships’ ballast water and sediments
➲ Minamata Convention on Mercury :
✧ Treaty Date: October 10, 2013
✧ Location: Kumamoto, Japan
✧ Treaty Parties: 128 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Reduce mercury emissions and releases
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for reducing mercury emissions and releases
➲ Paris Agreement :
✧ Treaty Date: December 12, 2015
✧ Location: Paris, France
✧ Treaty Parties: 196 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for global action on climate change
➲ Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol :
✧ Treaty Date: October 15, 2016
✧ Location: Kigali, Rwanda
✧ Treaty Parties: 197 countries
✧ Treaty Aim: Phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for phasing down HFCs
➲ United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Resolution on Marine Debris :
✧ Resolution Date: December 6, 2017
✧ Location: Nairobi, Kenya
✧ Resolution Aim: Address marine debris and promote sustainable consumption and production
✧ Resolution Result: Encouraged countries to take action to address marine debris
➲ International Maritime Organization (IMO) Sulphur 2020 Regulation :
✧ Regulation Date: January 1, 2020
✧ Location: London, UK
✧ Regulation Aim: Reduce sulphur emissions from ships
✧ Regulation Result: Limited sulphur emissions from ships to 0.5% m/m
➲ Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Living Resources :
✧ Treaty Date: September 3, 2019 (not yet in force)
✧ Location: New York, USA
✧ Treaty Aim: Conserve and manage high seas living resources
✧ Treaty Result: Established a framework for conserving and managing high seas living resources
➲ United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Resolution on the Environmental Impact of Armed Conflict :
✧ Resolution Date: March 11, 2019
✧ Location: Nairobi, Kenya
✧ Resolution Aim: Address the environmental impact of armed conflict
✧ Resolution Result: Encouraged countries to take action to address the environmental impact of armed conflict
